Essay --

In the arriving judgeship , the judge exemplifies a lot of challenges , as a quality aspect of the court. According to research a judge is an officer who has been elected to bring justice and reap the law throughout the court of justice (). As a judge, common requirements are measured in order to pursue the job qualification. Therefore , the U.S. Bureau of Labor stated that , a judge must attend undergraduate instill , which a study of choice is not mandatory. Judges must hold a prior healthy practice and hold a Juris Doctor degree. While obtaining the degree , wizard must complete a series of legal classes at law school approved by the ABA (). After , successfully completing the level of achievement an aspiring must pass a bar exam to move to the bordering level. After successfully passing the bar exam ,one is appointed as an attorney in till obtaining judgeship. Having a strong board behind you for reward can boost ones promotion opportunities into being elected for the judg e position. Next , on the violence staff is the District Attorney best known as the D.A.. A district attorney is a prosecuting officer who shows presentation throughout the state in specific trails (). Duties vary for a DA , duties like educating the national and the enforcement of law about how crime prevention can be stopped. District attorneys have a load of employees working hard their wings. According to significant sites , a DA must hold a legal education and a state licensure. Before , the acquirement of DA requires , a high school diploma and a undergraduate degree of four years is required (). Yet , a Juris doctor from a ABA school is required . As the list of personnel continues on ,the next listed job is the hearing officers. Hearing officers make change over ... ... information giving to him/her (1). Moreover , one must not soon have any felony charges nor been convicted of a felony. The only way that one will not have to complete any form of jury duty is if one is in the armed forces being active duty or working for any professional departments. Jurors really play an important part of the court personnel when making verdicts for the courts. Being on a Juror committee can really be stressful if the case is very popular. If the case is local the juryman shouldnt have to stay no longer than a week in till the case is closed. Jurors are not to talk about the case in open conversations with peers beside in the court room , while making serious decisions . The jurors have their own claimed section in the court room where the judge has a close distance between them. The next presented personnel in the courts is the defendant

Crytosporidia :: Essays Papers

CrytosporidiaLife HistoryOnce thought to be rare and host specific, Cryptosporidia is now believed to be wiz of the top three diarrheal causing pathogens in the world. Cryptosporidia muris was recognized in 1907 by E. E. Tyzer. Since then twenty dollar bill (20) species of Cryptosporidium have been discovered and named although recently sixteen (16) of those twenty (20) have come under speculation due to recent cross-transmission studies. Cryptosporidia is a protozoan parasite which lives in the intestines and respiratory epitheliums of many types of animals including mammals, birds and reptiles. The disease caused by Cryptosporidia is cognise as Cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidia is found all over the world and is transmitted via fecal oral contact. Usually this is due to water contaminated by animal faeces. infect calves excrete up to 10 billion Cryptosporidium oocysts (infectious stage) per day. The infectious dose in humans is only 10-100. However, contaminated food or direct contact with feces can also cause infection. Microbial CharacteristicsCryptosporidia are small coccidian spore-forming protazoans. When in oocyst form they are 4-6 um in size. GRAPH DiseaseCryptosporidia are encountered and transmitted done fecal oral transmission. Once a host ingests an oocyst, sporozoites are released. The sporozoite then can enter the epithelial cells in the small intestine where it will rear into a trophozoite. Inside of a trophozoite, merozoites begin to form. When released, a merozoite can either infect another epithelial cell or it can evolve into a sexual gamete. These gametes then join to form an oocyst and will be excreted in the feces. While in the hosts body, Cryptosporidia carries out its entire life rhythm in the microvilli of the small intestine.The most common symptom of Cryptosporidiosis is watery diarrhea. Other symptoms include- Dehydration - Weight loss - Stomach cramps or pain - pyrexia - Nausea - Vomiting Some people with Cryptosporidiosis will have no symptoms at all. While the small intestine is the site most commonly affected, Cryptosporidium infections could maybe affect other areas of the digestive or the respiratory tract. (CDC) Symptoms usually begin 2-10 days after becoming infected and last 1-2 weeks on average. In immunocompetent individuals, Cryptosporidiosis is not life threatening.

Ancient Greece :: Ancient Greece Essays

I found chapter two particularly interesting because it deals with the ancient Grecian culture and life. It is so unlike than the American way of living, yet at that place are some similarities that are strikingly close. I feel this is especially relevant in their religion. They had oracles, who were these people who delivered messages from the Gods. I think that is kind of like a priest or minister of some sort, but in the Greek world the oracles were the say all ? be all. Apollo was one of the most well known and respected Oracles. I interpreted this as him being like the pope. Everyone respects what the Pope says, and everyone in the ancient Greek world respected what Apollo said. They also had decorative doors to the religious places. Today, many doors to churches are very decorative or have symbols. The way the Greek people justify the world was through their gods and goddesses. They had a god or goddess for everything ? love, war, trouble, sun, the world, the moon, and man y others. My favorite goddess is Pandora. You always hear about Pandora?s Box when someone is about to hold back into some trouble. To me, she was the rebel goddess. The ?black sheep? if you will. I feel like everyone can relate to her in some way or another. I know there are many times I feel like the odd one out. Or that I am always getting in trouble. poem and really good fiction started to flourish in the times of the Greeks. They were very into the whole entertainment thing. Some great pieces of literature came from their time period. For example The Odyssey, The Iliad, and the fifth column War. Homer is the most well known author from the era.

Computers In Business :: essays research papers

Computers In Business --------------------------In the business world today, computers and the software applicationsthat lock on them basically control a well organized business. Every major smart set is equipped with a computer, or network that connects through contrastive branches throughout the firm.Computer HardwareTo keep up with the fastest technology that dominates the market is tobe a sensible buyer. A trunk can be all over-the-hill in a matter of two yearstime. Software applications based on todays needs require more problematical disk blank and fixity to run efficiently. The most powerful establishment would be the586 machine which was developed in November, 1992. The space required on abusiness ashes depends on the firm. If a company has a network, theirmemory would range on the applications required to run the systemproductively. A one to three gigabyte catchy take on would be most common forbusinesses. To keep these applications on the computer, you need a fai ramount of RAM memory as well as hard disk space. An application developedin 1993, probably will be to powerful and run quite slow on a antecedentsystem that was top of the line in 1991. Thats why it is important forcompanies to understand that they must think years down the road beforespending thousands of dollars on the technology of today. The outdo path isto prepare for the future such as making sure your mainframe is upgradeableand contains at least 8 expansion slots, which should al falsify be cockeyedwith deepen graphics cards, the necessary amount of serial ports etc..Networks are everywhere in the world of business. A network is aseries of computers throughout the company which avow on one or twofileservers. Or it can be used in long distance communication throughmodem. An grammatical case would be that a company located in Calgary can call upits other branch in Toronto via modem, also able to up and transfer important files or records. Networks have their disadvant ages also.Computer viruses are always present somewhere in a disk or computer systemready to strike. If an over powering, destructive virus enters a networksystem, all data can be severely damaged or lost completely. Thats whythither is back-up drives to memory board existing data that is written onto thedisk each day. Anti virus programs are there to alert the user and wipethe virus bump off the system before it does any destruction to the data storedon the network. As far as practicality and mobility is concerned, thelaptop has been around for quite a long time. A laptop computer is aComputers In Business essays research papers Computers In Business --------------------------In the business world today, computers and the software applicationsthat run on them basically control a well organized business. Every majorcompany is equipped with a computer, or network that connects throughdifferent branches throughout the firm.Computer HardwareTo keep up with the fastest technology t hat dominates the market is tobe a sensible buyer. A system can be outdated in a matter of two yearstime. Software applications based on todays needs require more hard diskspace and speed to run efficiently. The most powerful system would be the586 machine which was developed in November, 1992. The space required on abusiness system depends on the firm. If a company has a network, theirmemory would range on the applications required to run the systemproductively. A one to three gigabyte hard drive would be most common forbusinesses. To keep these applications on the computer, you need a fairamount of RAM memory as well as hard disk space. An application developedin 1993, probably will be to powerful and run quite slow on a previoussystem that was top of the line in 1991. Thats why it is important forcompanies to understand that they must think years down the road beforespending thousands of dollars on the technology of today. The best way isto prepare for the future such as making s ure your mainframe is upgradeableand contains at least 8 expansion slots, which should already be loadedwith enhanced graphics cards, the necessary amount of serial ports etc..Networks are everywhere in the world of business. A network is aseries of computers throughout the company which rely on one or twofileservers. Or it can be used in long distance communication throughmodem. An example would be that a company located in Calgary can call upits other branch in Toronto via modem, also able to up and downloadvaluable files or records. Networks have their disadvantages also.Computer viruses are always present somewhere in a disk or computer systemready to strike. If an over powering, destructive virus enters a networksystem, all data can be severely damaged or lost completely. Thats whythere is back-up drives to store existing data that is written onto thedisk each day. Anti virus programs are there to alert the user and wipethe virus off the system before it does any destruction to the data storedon the network. As far as practicality and mobility is concerned, thelaptop has been around for quite a long time. A laptop computer is a

Essay --

Each of the following Life Coaching aims is being defined, and each has the description of how its useful in helping the client to promote self-awareness and personal development. It is worth mentioning that these aims being discussed, is from what I understood from the Life Coaching manual, (CMIT, 2010).Aim One Life Coaching builds a joint venture where the Life coach guides the client to cut into their full potential, and attain success in the different aspects of life. How it will help and be useful for the client? The Coaching process would create a melodious balance for all aspects of the individuals life, in addition to developing comprehensible paths which would transfer the client into a brighter future. Aim Two Life Coaching process depends on the growth of a special relationship between the coach and the client. The Life Coach manages this relationship and designs the appropriate coaching program for it. The later coaching program focuses on the future rather than looki ng at to the past. How it will help and be useful for the client? The coac...

Essay --

Each of the following Life Coaching aims is being defined, and each has the description of how its utilizable in helping the lymph gland to promote self-awareness and personal development. It is worth mentioning that these aims being discussed, is from what I understood from the Life Coaching manual, (CMIT, 2010).Aim One Life Coaching builds a joint venture where the Life coach guides the client to apprehend their full potential, and attain success in the different aspects of life. How it will help and be useful for the client? The Coaching process would create a tuneful balance for all aspects of the individuals life, in addition to developing comprehensible paths which would transfer the client into a brighter future. Aim Two Life Coaching process depends on the exploitation of a special relationship between the coach and the client. The Life Coach manages this relationship and designs the appropriate coaching program for it. The later coaching program focuses on the future r ather than looking to the past. How it will help and be useful for the client? The coac...

Knowledge vs. Experience Essay

The famous Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti once said, There is no end to education. It is non that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education. The whole of life, from the moment you ar born to the moment you die, is a process of fiting. (whale.to/a/krishnamurti) Krishnamurti is addressing learning as a process in which an individual tries to gain certain companionship for predestined purposes. He clearly believes that rote memorization is inferior to learning from experiences. Academic enjoyledge done textbooks give the gate teach individuals theories about life. Life, however, deviates from theory frequently. The only way individuals are going to deal about these deviations is when they experience the struggles and fruits of life on their own. Similarly, in this compelling romance by Herman Hesse, Siddhartha learns that information cannot be reached through his 7 teachers because it cannot be instilled in an individuals mind -enlightenment comes fro m the inner self and through the experiences in which mavin must obtain wisdom from. he said it can be a little better In the opening of the novel, Siddhartha is influenced by outside teachings in his search for enlightment.His father and his associated community ideally want him to become a successful Brahmin, instead of joining the Samanas. Everyone else around him still has not reached enlightenment, and Siddhartha feels that residing with them will increment his curiosity regarding his presence in life.(Siddhartha to himself) He had begun to suspect that his worthy father and his other teachers, the wise Brahmins, had already passed on to him the bulk of their wisdom his soul was not at peace. (3) Siddhartha craves to better acknowledge the innermost essence of self and its connection to the area in a society. The knowledge passed on to him however does not explicate this, which is why Siddhartha speculates the origins of the world and his place in it. When Siddhartha depart s on his journey to achieve nirvana, he joins the Samanas and accustoms quickly to their lifestyle because of the endurance and discipline he learned in the Brahmin rituals. He learns how to free himself from the materialistic world he was living in, losing his desire for ownership and apparel. However Siddhartha is still unsatisfied.The path of self-denial does not return an established solution for Siddhartha. He comes to the realization which is this the Samanas gather in been just as unsuccessful as the previous guidance he has encountered. Siddharthas thirst for knowledge has only increased, as he tells his good friend, I suffer thirst, Govinda, and on this long Samana path my thirst has not grown lessI have always thirsted for knowledge. (15) Siddhartha is still curious, thus Govinda convinces him that they both(prenominal)(prenominal) should leave the Samanas and stress out the Buddha. During Siddharthas quest for enlightment, he and Govinda are looking for Gotamas where abouts. As they are taken in, Siddhartha is informed about a teaching called the Eightfold Path and the four main prefigures in order to achieve the permanent solution of abstaining from the pleasures of the world. However, small-arm Govinda is entirely influenced by these teachings, Siddhartha is still not satisfied. (Gotama to Siddhartha) The teaching which you have heardis not to explain the world to those who are thirsty for knowledgeits goal is repurchase from the suffering.(27) Siddhartha is still unsatisfied, and desires to comprehend the meaning of lifes purpose in the world in an accomplished way.Like the Samanas, Buddhas followers escape from veracity without connecting to it. Most importantly, Siddhartha feels that he cannot achieve enlightment from an external source such as a teacher. He rea newss that in order to reach enlightenment, one must learn only through experience and teachings by other mentors. Wisdom is gained through experience, while knowledge is taught. This is the reason he cannot accept Buddhas teachings. At this point of the novel, Siddhartha knows he will have to depart his good friend behind to begin a search for the meaning of life which will be establish on experience, rather than religious teachings. Siddhartha determines to set out on a life abstaining from meditation and to instead enter the material world to explore the corporal pleasures of his body. In this new world of his, Siddhartha encounters a friendly ferryman, living his free life to its fullest. After crossing the ferrymans river, he arrives to a city where a beautiful mistress named Kamala mesmerizes him. He believes she would be the most worthy one to teach him about the physical aspects of love, nevertheless Kamala will only instruct him until he proves he can fit into the materialistic world. With her guidance, Siddhartha takes up the path of the merchant and engages in business with a man named Kamaswami who taught him how to trade.While Siddhartha achi eves the wisdom of the business world and experiences how to do business in the material world, Kamala becomes his lover and teaches him about every physical aspect of love. She taught him that lovers should not separate from each other after making loveso that no feeling of desolation arise nor the horrid feeling of misusing (54) Siddhartha renounces the spiritual path and exchanges the search for Atman to experience physical pleasures. However, Siddhartha and Kamala are both incapable to give and receive real love at this stage in the novel. Siddhartha has eliminated himself from the world completely and is not influenced by what the world has to offer him. Since both these external guides are unable to teach him wisdom, he knows he must now achieve wisdom on his own. This consciousness itself comes from his inner self. Siddhartha starts his path to test enlightenment leaving the Brahmins, the Samanas, Gotama, and the material world because he feels unhappy with himself. As Siddh artha leaves the corrupted material world, he approaches a river and considers what direction his life has taken him.Ironically, the equivalent ferryman whom he met years before introduces himself with the identity as Vasudeva. Siddhartha senses inner peace and wisdom within this man, and motivates him to obtain it as well. Eventually Siddhartha resides and works with Vasudeva until he comes to know his son was born. With his son, Siddhartha finally experiences love, but since love is a connection to the world, it threatens to distract Siddhartha from his search for enlightenment. Its not until now when Siddhartha has gained wisdom on his own without all materialistic influences, therefore the love he expresses for his son becomes a test of this wisdom. (Siddhartha to himself) It is a good thing to experience everything oneselfas a child I learned that pleasures of the world and riches were not good but I have only just experienced it now (80) Siddhartha implies that the Buddhas t eachings or some(prenominal) source of external guidance do not make one enlightened they only transfer knowledge to the society around them. Siddhartha is aware enlightenment can only be reached if he will be able to accept love, and as difficult as it might be, to even achieve Nirvana.Successfully, Kamala and his son influenced him heavily and because of them, Siddhartha learned and experienced how to love the world and accept it as a whole. Siddhartha encounters many teachers of wisdom during his journey, but each fails to lead him to his goal to seek enlightenment. The ferryman however, is successful and shows Siddhartha how to find enlightenment within him by blocking out all exterior guidance. Vasudeva will not simply tell Siddhartha what he should know like the others, but a guide who will lead him where he wishes to go. After leaving the material world, Siddhartha seeks for knowledge from the river he crossed and Vasudeva guides Siddhartha to listen to it for a better under standing of what the river communicates. Vasudeva does not tell Siddhartha what the river will say, but when Siddhartha discloses what the river has expressed to him, Vasudeva clearly admits that he too has received the same wisdom on his own.Now, Siddhartha realizes that he himself becomes the ferryman after reaching enlightenment. (Siddhartha speaking to himself) The river is everywhere at the same time Siddhartha the boy, Siddhartha the mature man, and Siddhartha the old man are only separated by shadows, not through reality. (87) The river is compared to Siddhartha as it is considered continuous but yet always altering within, deeper below the body of water. Siddhartha now belongs to everything surrounding him instead of being classified to a exceptional group. At the end of the novel, Govinda returns to the river, still seeking enlightenment, and asks Siddhartha to teach him what he has learned.Siddhartha explains that neither he nor any other individual can teach the wisdom to Govinda, because verbalise explanations are definite and can never communicate enlightenment as a whole. (Siddhartha to Govinda)When someone is seeking he is unable to find anythingbecause he is obsess with his goal. (113) Govinda is confused just like he was when they met near the river after Siddhartha had considered suicide. This means he still does not understand the meaning of life because he hasnt experienced the world, remaining a follower to Buddha. Therefore, Siddharthas ultimate attainment of Nirvana does not come from external guidance communicating the wisdom to him, but instead by experiencing an internal connection with the river, which encompasses the whole universe.

Edp250 Pt 4

Introduction The purpose of this easy is to compare and contrast two blind lessons in relation to trusty arts nurture and integration. The lessons will be sourced from the internet and both will be examples of using objects in the natural environment to create a painting. The lessons were designed for students in grades two to six. DiscussionAuthentic arts is as noted by Dinham,(2011) arts that incorporates learning involving integration necessitates, making connections across the curriculum between subject areas or disciplines and providing opportunities for students to witness and engage the relationships, transfer their association and apply their learning through these connections. To make this happen there needs to be a move to prepare classroom teachers to become aware of art, and slipway of delivering a successful lesson. Smilan and Marzilli miraglia (2009) notes, that teachers need clarification ab kayoed what art integration is and what it entails.We believe that true authorized art- integrated learning places visual arts bailiwick at the centre of teaching and learning (p. 39). Meaning ein truth teacher must(prenominal) continue to up skill their own knowledge of art and understands the elements to delivering an authentic art lesson requires(Dinham,2011). blind is more than painting, drawing and play dough it is not merely a time filler at school, so teacher screw amaze a break, or a bit of fun. Dinham, (2011) suggest that teachers need to understand what art gives their students, and how art provides a connectedness to society and their own individuality and meaning.Art provides students the opportunities to problem solve, express their needs and emotion, be creative, try new experience and more importantly teachers need to appreciate authentic arts programmes as a significant importance in the curriculum. Lessons Lesson one demonstrates a well prepared art lesson and in lesson two, many elements of creating an effective authentic arts l esson are missing. two lesson one and two require students to expend natural items found in the environment to create a painting. twain lessons would be suited for students in grades two to six, and comprises elements of authentic arts. Below is a table that show what elements of authentic arts are essential when delivering an arts class. Required characteristics Example 1. Has connections across the curriculum Lessons makes links to different(a) curriculum such as maths, chronicle etc. 2. Uses understanding of multiple intelligences and several(predicate) learning styles Such as Howard Gardner concepts of multiple intelligence. 3. Is themed and examines the theme in different areas Such as dinosaurs, outdoor garden, countries. 4. Uses different modes of learning incorporated into different areas Such as reading, singing, creating, comparing, contrasting, discussing. 5. Lessons relate to real(a) vivification t directs, that draw on a range of knowledge and skills across t he curriculum Lesson would encourage students to subprogram prior knowledge of the task at hand. 6. Learnings provide opportunity for students to capture relationships, transfer and apply learning and make connections across the curriculum The lesson has been enriched with elements of real life experience and understanding. 7.Activities are Instrumental and/or intrinsic Instrumental, lessons that extend beyond the immediate lesson. Intrinsic lessons relates to the learning gained through the lesson Dinham,(2011). Table is adapted from PowerPoint presentation Integration. Curtin University, (2012). Using this table as a guide the below lessons well be corresponded with the number from the above table showing which part of the lesson address each charatritcs. Lesson one Retrieved from http//contemporaryartscenter. org/images/lessonplans/mughal- lights_natural-beauty. pdfMughal Miniature Paintings Natural Beauty Grades 2nd-7th Visual Arts Developed By Kristen M. Woods Lesson Descr iption Mughal miniature painting originated during the 16th century in the Mughal Empire which spanned what are now India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. This art form is marked by blow-by-blow attention of small detail, lush jewel tones, epic subject matter, and miniature scale. All of the Miniature artists that are participating in the Contemporary Arts piths exhibition Realms of Intimacy have got studied at the National College of Arts (NCA) in Lahore, Pakistan.The NCA is renowned for its program dedicated to the centuriesold tradition of Mughal miniature painting which flourished from 1526 to 1857. The extremely selective school take overs only a dozen of its accepted students to pursue the intensive major of miniature painting. This major at the NCA mimics a traditionalistic eight year apprenticeship in two years of schooling. The meticulous technique begins with the posture of the students. The students are required to be seated on the floor for hours a day, hold their accounts close to their eyes and brace their painting arms against their body.Their posture is essential to mastering the tiny brushstrokes needed to create pieces with such okay details. They spend their first year and a half copying historical employments and learning to make their own tools. Only in the final half year are they allowed to explore their own creative devices. There is an extreme mental discipline that goes along with every aspect of being a miniature painter. The style is based on old traditions. One brush is still composed of a single squirrel hair. Mussel shells are used as mixing lawn bowling for their organic paints.These natural paints are made from raw materials like vegetables, fruits, oil, soil, lime, indigo and lapis lazuli and on occasion eggs, gold powder, and silver foil. Through this program students must master ultra-fine figure drawing and brushwork, tea staining of page borders and burnishing of paper surfaces all essential to practices that wer e used centuries ago. For this project, students will explore natural materials that can be used to dye paper and make paints then use their homemade materials to make their own versions of Mughal miniature paintings Objectives ? Use problem solving to figure out natural materials they can use and combine to make paints and also dye paper Learn about the process that Mughal miniature painters go through when creating a piece Create their own composition based on Mughal miniature paintings Materials and Resources Watercolor paper Tea, coffee, and cranberry juice Lard, Butter, Solid and swimming vegetable oil Spices, mustard, dirt, grass, fruits and vegetables, and other natural materials that can stain Paint brushes Small containers with lids (paint storage)Aprons/paint shirts Links and Books on natural paint mixing and Mughal Miniatures http//www. hyoomik. com/images/egg. html http//www. sairawasim. com/ http//www. ambreenbutt. com/web/home. php http//www. ambreenbutt. com/we b/works. php Whiles, Virginia. (2010). Art and Polemic in Pakistan Cultural Politics and Tradition in Contemporary Miniature Painting. Edwards, Lynn. (2003). The Natural Paint Book. Critical Questions How are cultural practices and traditions passed down and go on over time? Why are they important? Is process important in relation to product? What if miniaturist painters used synthetic materials? Would it change the verbalism of the work? The Emotion? Activities Preliminary Discussion Discuss process with students how artists begin a piece as opposed to showing them the finished product first. Then look through some images of contemporary Mughal Miniaturist paintings by Ambreen Butt and Saira Wasim whom still use tea staining and hand mixed pigments from natural materials. Discuss briefly the vision and subject used in the works and the meanings behind them.With older students you may be able to get them to discuss some of the political satire seen in Saira Wasims work Art Act ivity Start the project by dying paper. Using tea, coffee, or even fruit juice have students leaning a piece of peeingcolor paper into a large container full of the liquid of their choosing. Leave the paper in the liquid for at least 15 minutes and check on how well the liquid is dying the paper (dont leave the paper in for too long because it will digress disintegrating). Once the paper has a nice color all around, take it out and leave it to change for about 24 hours. Next, have students mix their paints. queue up some things either outside or maybe in the refrigerator that can stain. Things like grass, dirt, berries, flowers, mustard, and spices would work well. Have students use lard, solid or liquid vegetable oil, or butter to grind and mix their natural materials together making a thick paint. Have each student make at least three different color paints. They may share paints when its time to use them. Have students use a paint brush with their homemade paints to create their own miniature painting on their dyed paper. This project is more about process and nderstanding materials so the composition can be very simple especially with younger students. You might suggest they do a composition showcasing the natural materials they use to make their materials like flowers, fruit, etc. Assessment Students have dyed a piece of paper using tea, coffee, or fruit juice Students have mixed their own paints using fat and natural materials Students have used their paints and dyed paper to create their own miniature paintings Lesson two Retrieved from http//www. kinderart. com/painting/plantdye. shtml PLANT DYE PAINTSGrade 2-6 Age 6-12 Written by Kim Swanger Kim is a K-3 art teacher at Lakeview and Central Elementary Schools in Council Bluffs, Iowa. Objectives Students will learn that plants are a source of natural dyes and paints. This is a good lesson to show how pioneers or early civilizations may have used plant dyes to color cloth. What You Need * crock pots * beets * spinach or kale * black walnut trees in the shell * dry onion skins * paint brushes * paper What You Do 1. Discuss with the students that before we had synthetic dyes, people had to make their own paints and dyes using plants and other resources available.Show the students the nuts and vegetables you have and ask how the pioneers may have used these materials. 2. The night before the painting lesson, place beets, spinach or kale, walnuts, and onion skins in separate crock pots with enough water to barely cover them. Cook all night. The following morning, the water in each of these pots should have turned into natural dyes. The beet water will be magenta, the onion water will be amber, the spinach or kale water will be a light green and the black walnut water will be brown. 3.Pour a small amount of paint into bowls and ask students to smell them. Discuss which vegetable made which paint. 4. Provide brushes and paper (plain or coloring pages) and permit students to paint using the natural dyes. 5. After the painting experience, ask students what other natural materials might make dyes the pioneers could have used. audition with student suggestions. Note If black walnuts are not available, VERY STRONG coffee or tea makes an adequate brown dye. Berries can also be used to make colorful dyes. Currently, red dye is commonly made from a parasite that lives on cacti.Both lessons are similar in terms of requiring students to use natural objects to create a painting However a teacher using lesson one, their students would gain a deeper understanding of authentic art, and acquire skills that they can use across curriculum, as it demonstrates modes of learning and teaching strategies which enables each students to expression and understand what is required. It also uses scaffold learning, which enable students to see examples of what they could achieve, but also gives the history and argument behind why they are required to do this activity.This en ables students to take an educational value from the lesson, rather than doing it just for merely fun (Dinham,2011). Although lesson two also has real world connection and can be intergraded into other curriculums it is its lack of depth to which it can do this that makes it the inferior of the two lessons. Lesson two can link to history whereas lesson one can relate to multiple curriculums, making this a more intergraded lesson to benefit student learnings (Dinham, 2011).Lesson one has provided more elements of real life experience for students that they can compare contrast between a variety of objects they have used from the environment, from vegetables to plants and so forth. Whereas lesson two only focuses on one element. Both lesson one and two are instrumental meaning that they extend beyond the immediate arts experience (Dinham,2011) but again it would be lesson one that take this experience further as it looks at the impact the lesson has upon students learning as a whole.O verall, lesson two does not tick the boxes for authentic arts integrated learning in the way that lesson one does. Lesson one provides a real and authentic learning experience that incorpatres connections to other areas of the curriculum, using modes of learning and teaching strategies which encourage and go for every learner in the classroom regardless of skill or ability, all essential fact in delivering an authentic arts experience.References Curtin University, (2012). Course Notes. PP2 Integration. Retrieved fromhttps//lms. curtin. edu. au/webapps/portal/frameset. jsp? tab_tab_group_id=_4_1&url=%2Fwebapps%2Fblackboard%2Fexecute%2Flauncher%3Ftype%3DCourse%26id%3D_47595_1%26url%3D Dinham, J. (2011). Delivering authentic arts education. South Melbourne, Victoria Cengage Learning.

Foreign exchange risk Essay

Toyota Motor Corporation is the worlds third largest auto micturater. It was formal in Japan on 28 August 1937. Apart from its 12 plants in Japan, Toyota has 54 manufacturing companies in 27 countries, employs 246700 people and commercialises vehicles in more than maven hundred sixty countries. Its capital as at March 2002 was 397 one million million million fade.Toyota is lurkd to the fluctuation in distant silver metamorphose as it ope range primary(prenominal)ly in the States, Continental atomic number 63 and Britain. It is and so affected by the fluctuation in the lever of the US sawhorse, the Euro and to a lesser extent the British pound. Toyotas consolidated pecuniary statements, which are presented in the Japanese yen, are affected by the contrasted supercede fluctuation, as all the marrows in the various countries currencies stir to be translated into yen. Toyotas primary grocerys based on unit sales for vehicles for financial year ended March 31 2002 we re Japan (40%), North America (32%) and europium (13%). Toyota is listed on the London, New York and Tokyo stock supplants.In the normal course of doing line of work, Toyota employs derivatives financial instruments, including forward gets and world(prenominal) funds options to manage its motion picture to fluctuation in unusual property exchange rates. Toyota does non use derivatives for speculation and trading. (http//www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir.html accessed on 14th November 2002) The profitability of Toyotas operations is affected by many factors including the changes in the value of the Japanese yen against other currencies which Toyota does railway line. The financial year for Toyota is from 1 April to 31 March.IMPACT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK ON OPERATIONThe value of the Japanese yen has amounten generally for the past common chord years against the dollar and the Euro though there had been periods offluctuations. (http//pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/xr/data.html accessed o n 14th November 2002). Changes in unusual exchange rate affect Toyotas revenue, gross margins, operating costs, operating in add, gain income and retained earnings. Toyotas cost and liabilities are affected by transaction motion picture which relates primarily to sales proceed from Toyotas non domestic sales produced in Japan. It is similarly affected to a lesser extent sales proceed from Toyotas continental Europe sales produced in UK.Toyotas use of forward exchange rate contracts and currency options is to hedge foreign exchange venture associated with contend receivables denominated primarily in U.S. dollars. Toyota also engages in foreign currency settlements with domestic counter parties. The companionship enters into forward contracts and purchases currency options (principally euro and dollar) to hedge current portions of forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. Additionally, the Company enters into forward exchange contracts to offset the earnings imp act relating to exchange rate fluctuations on certain monetary assets and liabilities. The Company enters into forward exchange contracts as hedges of net investments in international operations. This reduces foreign exchange risk and transaction costs in those settlements by handling receipts in the foreign currencies in which they are denominated.Toyota depraves supplies from Peugeot in France and is therefore exposed to the Euro exchange rate. It also manufactures engines in Japan for BMW. These inflows and outflows as a result of dealing with these European companies expose Toyota to foreign exchange risks. Cars produced in Japan and other production sites are shipped to Europe and America, which are the major market for Toyota. Toyota has to make a decision as to which currency to harm the cars. If the cars are priced in yen in order to avoid foreign exchange risk, Toyota forget non be rivalrous in those markets, as it would start out shifted the risk to its customers. If the price is in the domestic currencies Toyota pull up stakes be exposed to foreign exchange risk. When there is a depreciation or appreciation of the currencies in relation to the yen, Toyota forget be torn between changing the price to contrive the change in the exchange rate.This decision exit depend on the price elasticity of holdfor cars among other factors. Toyota manages these risks by using forward contracts, money market hedging and option market hedging. Toyota also enters into currency borrowing to address a portion of its transaction risk. abroad exchange forward contracts are used to limit exposure to issuees, resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates on accounts receivable and transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Foreign exchange forward contracts, which are designated and forcefulnessive as hedges of currency, risk on existing assets and liabilities are included as an offset to foreign exchange gain or loss and recorded on the exist ing assets and liabilities. Foreign currency option is to reduce the risks that are likely to be incurred on account receivable and anticipated transactions denominated in foreign currencies. This has reduced, exactly non eliminated, the effects of foreign exchange fluctuation.The preparation of Toyotas consolidated financial statements is in conformity with accounting principles accepted in the United States of America. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into Japanese yen at the appropriate year end current rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at rates that estimate those prevailing at the time of the transaction. Toyota therefore uses the temporal method of transformation. The resulting translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated income. Toyota is exposed to translation risk when the results of subsidiaries are translated into yen. The value in yen whitethorn not reflect the lawful value of the accesso ry, as it will also depend on the exchange rate between the two countries at the time of the translation.This bay window distort significantly when results of different periods are be compared and among various geographical markets. The yen has been stronger in fiscal year 2000 as against 1999. According to Toyotas Annual Reports, net revenue adjoind by 6.1% in 1999 and decrease by 0.4% in 2000. If the contrast in yen used for translation purposes are eliminated, net revenue would have increased by 5.9% in 1999 and increased by 11.2% in 2000 (http//www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir.html accessed on 14th November 2002). Thus, even though the consolidation figure showed a decrease in net revenue in 2000, it was mainly collectable to the strengthening of the yen in 2000, which made dollar values smaller after translation.The value of the yen against the Euro and the dollar fell generally for the past three years. The fall of the yen for the past three years has made Toyota reported profit wh en it is translated into yen though in actual fact it may not have been so. Toyotas net revenue for fiscal year 2002 showed a 9% increase over the previous year. This is because of the weakening yen and the translation effect. If the difference in yen value used for translation purposes is eliminated, Toyota showed only 2.8% increase. Net revenue increased by 15.5% in North America, 24.8% in Europe and 0.4% in Japan, for fiscal 2002 compared to 2001 after consolidation.If translation effect is eliminated, the net revenue in North America increases by only 2.2% and 12.9% in Europe (http//www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir.html accessed on 14th November 2002). There was a double digit devaluation of the yen to the dollar in the business year ended March 31 2002. Toyota gained 70 exciteion yen from favourable exchange rate. The US dollar rose to about 127 yen from about 123 yen a year ago. A strong dollar armed services the earning of Toyota by boosting the value of overseas revenue when conver ted into yen. However, translation effect is a reporting consideration and does not affect Toyotas underlying operation. Toyota does not hedge against translation risk.Toyota manages its operating exposure by diversifying its operation and financing. It has localised much of its production by constructing production units in most of the countries in which it operates. local operation allows Toyota to purchase most of its supplies and resources used in the production process in currencies that matches the currencies of local revenue with local expenses. Toyota has asked its UK suppliers to settle all bills using Europes single currency, the euro (http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/873840.stm accessed on 16th November 2002). This reduces its exposure to changes in the value of the pound.Toyota has diversify its finance base by being able to raise funds in more than one place and thereby take value in interest rate differentials. Toyota can therefore borrow in Japan, United States of America or Europe to take advantage of interest rate differentials. With the evaluate fall in the American concern rate as against the Japanese interest rate, Toyota can borrow in dollars so as to take advantage of the fall in interest rates. Theexpect fall in American interest will forget to a fall in the value of dollars in relation to the yen. This fall will make loans and other commitments denominated in dollars less expensive in yen hurt. Toyota will therefore gain from the expected depreciation of the dollar.The most obvious source or determinant of economic currency exposure comes from tights having revenues or costs denominated in foreign currencies. These direct or transaction effects are relatively slatternly to identify and manage. In addition, firms that also have foreign-based operations will have translation exposures that arise from consolidation. At the same time, there are also a number of indirect effects, which can be just as important and apply both to fir ms engaged in international business and to domestic firms, but which are substantially more difficult to recognise. This indirect economic currency exposure arises from unexpected impinge onments in foreign exchange rates changing the competitive situation of the firm and which affect the firms future cash flows (and hence value).GLOBAL ECONOMIC FORECASTINFLATION DIFFERENTIALSThe exchange rate stated simply is the price of one currency in terms of some other currency. Exchange rate can therefore be expressed in terms of the law of one price which states that in the presence of a competitive market structure and the absence of transportation cost and other barriers to trade, identical products which are sold in different markets will sell at the same price in terms of a common currency (Pilbeam, K. (1992) International Finance, Macmillan). coitus purchasing power parity says that the change in the price level of commodities in one country relative to the rate of change in price levels in another country determines the exchange rate between the two countries. This in other words means that the rate of inflation in one country relative to another determines the rate of change in their respective currencies. (Ross et al, 1999). Thus if there is high gear inflation in one country in relation to others, prices of goods and function will increase in that country in relation with others and exchangerates have to change accordingly in rejoinder to inflation differentials.According to the World Economic Outlook of the International Monetary Fund (http//www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2002/02/pdf/appendix.pdf accessed on 14th November 2002), inflation is expected to move from -1.40% in 2002 to -1.2% in 2003 in Japan. This is 14.3% rise in inflation in Japan. Inflation in United States of America is expected to move from 1.2% in 2002 to 1.9% in 2003. American inflation is expected to increase by 58.3% whereas inflation in the Euro area is expected to decrease by 17.4%. This means that prices of goods and services in America will increase more than prices in Japan whiles prices in Europe is expected to decrease.The expected increase in the prices in America will lead to the depreciation of the dollar against the yen in order to substantiate the purchasing power parity. The relative decrease in the level of inflation in Europe as against Japan will lead to the appreciation of the Euro against the yen. The yen is therefore expected to appreciate against the dollar but depreciate against the Euro. This will affect Toyotas revenues and profits, as whatever amount is translated from dollar to yen will be lower comparatively. However, it will gain when the Euro is translated, as values will be higher after translation.BALANCE OF PAYMENTBalance of Payment measures the flow of economic transactions between the residents of a given country and the residents of other countries during a certain period of time. The use of balance of retribution data to forecast foreign exchange rates assumes a fixed exchange rate regime. The balance of payment suggests that the current account get worse as national income rises. This is because the increased income will lead to increased income will lead to increased demand for goods and services including foreign products. This will lead to an increased demand for foreign currencies and a decrease in the value of the domestic currency. The basic tendency is for domestic currency to weaken to pay for the increased imports. In a fixed exchange regime, when this falls below certain limits the domestic government will have to interpose by selling resaves of foreign currencies in the foreign exchange market (Buckley, A. 2000).The same is with surplus where instead of selling foreign currencies, the government will buy foreigncurrencies. This will increase demand or supply of foreign currencies and therefore affect the price i.e. the exchange rate. Thus if domestic income levels were to rise, the i ncrease will lead to transaction demand for money which means that if the money stock and interest rates are held constant, the increased demand can only come about through a fall in domestic prices. The fall in domestic prices will then requires a depreciation of the currency to maintain purchasing power parity. However, an increase in foreign income levels leads to a fall in foreign prices level and therefore a depreciation of the home currency to maintain purchasing power parity (Pilbeam 1993). If there is increased demand for Japanese goods and services by Americans and Europeans then the yen is likely to appreciate, as the demand for yen will increase.However, under a floating exchange system, the government has no responsibility to peg the exchange rate. The fact that the overall balance does not sum to zero will automatically alter the exchange rate in the direction necessary to obtain a Balance of Payment coating to zero (Eitman et al). If the country is running a substanti al current account deficit whilst the capital and financial account balance is zero, it will have a deficit Balance of Payment. There will be excess supply of domestic currency and the market will rid itself of the imbalance by baleful the price through the depreciation of the currency.INTEREST RATE DIFFERNTIALSThe interest rate parity theorem implies that if interest rates are higher domestically than in a finical foreign country, the foreign countrys currency will be selling at a premium in the forward market and if interest rates are lower domestically, the foreign currency will be selling at a discount in the forward market (Ross et al 1999). The link between interest rate and exchange rate is explained by the International Fisher Effect, which holds that the interest rate differential is an unbiased predictor of future changes in the spot exchange rate (Rugman et al 2000). This differential is also important in determing forward exchange rates because this rate would be that which neutralises the difference in interest rates between the two countries.If the interest rate of one country is expected to fall in relation to another country, this will make the demand forfinancial instruments denominated in that currency to fall. This fall in demand for financial instruments will lead to a fall in demand of that currency and therefore a depreciation of that currency. However, if interest rates are expected to rise in relation to other countries, there will be an increase in demand for financial instruments denominated in that currency and an appreciation of the currency. In practical terms, the international fisher effect implies that while an investor in a low interest country can convert his funds into the currency of a high interest country and get paid a higher rate, his gain (the interest rate differential) will be offset by the expected loss because of foreign exchange rate changes.The recent annunciation of a fall in the American interest rate whilst t he Japanese interest rate remain constant will lead to a fall in the demand for dollar denominated instruments and therefore a fall in the value of the dollar in relation to the yen. The Euro interest rate is not expected to change and therefore the exchange rate between the yen and the Euro may not change on the basis of interest rates.RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIESToyota uses a value-at-risk analysis (VAR) to evaluate its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The value-at-risk of the combined foreign exchange position represents a potential loss in pre-tax earnings that are estimated to be 25.2 billion as of March 31, 2001 and 24.0 billion as of March 31, 2002. Based on Toyotas overall currency exposure (including derivative positions), the risk during the year ended March 31, 2002 to pre-tax cash flow from currency movements was on average 25.0 billion, with a high of 26.7 billion and a low of 22.9 billion. The value-at-risk was estimated by using a variance/ covari ance model and assumed a 95% confidence level on the realization date and a 10-day holding period. Toyota changed the model used for calculation of value-at-risk from variance/covariance method to Monte Carlo Simulation method because Toyota introduced a new system, which Toyota considers more effective for risk solicitude purposes. The prior year amounts have been restated to the fiscal 2002 presentation. (Toyota Annual Report 2002)LEADING AND LAGGING. Larger, more centralized corporations have additional options that may be employed to help control the foreign exchange risk of inter company transactions. One effective and potentially profitable approach involves leading (prepaying) payments when the payers currency is devaluing against the payment currency and lagging those payments if the payers currency is appreciating. Lagging is when a company pays its financial commitments late so as to take advantage of a devaluing currency. Leading on the other hand is paying early before a currency devalues. It serves as a means of shifting liquidness between subsidiaries to avoid bid ask spreads and take advantage of interest rate differentials (Clark E. et al 1993). Toyota should take advantage of the fall in the interest rates in United States and subsequent expected fall in the value of the dollar. The American subsidiary should pay early all monies owned to the parent company in Japan.This will give a higher value than waiting for the dollar to devalue before paying. From a company wide standpoint, the treasurer can direct leading and lagging policy in order to take advantage of the favourable effects of exchange rate fluctuations. Additionally, leading and lagging policies may be used to shift funds from cash-rich to cash-poor sorts, thereby improving short-term liquidity. However, leading and lagging is only possibly when the company has 100% ownership of the subsidiary. This is because the effect of an extended or reduced payment date alters the relative rate of return of each subsidiary. This is unfair to minority shareholders, as they do not inescapably benefit from such a practise that benefits the multinational as a whole. (Eiteman et al 2001). Toyotas subsidiary in the US has minority shareholders like commonplace Motors and these will be at a disadvantage if Toyota should use leading and lagging to manage its exposure. Inequality may arise unless the adjustment is made to reflect a subsidiarys sacrifice.NETTING. Netting inter company transfers is another form of international cash management strategy that Toyota can employ. It requires a high degree of centralization. The basis of netting is that, within a closed group of related companies, total payables will always equal total receivables. Netting is utilitarian primarily when a large number of separate foreign exchangetransaction occur between subsidiaries (Eiteman et al 2001). Thus instead of Toyota paying monies owed to and by each subsidiary, the subsidiaries can net o ff each others debt and thereby not deal in the foreign exchange market. In order to reduce the verify transaction cost, such as spread between foreign exchange bid and ask quotations and transfer fees, Toyota should establish an in house netting centre. The exposure that remainsnet payments to payeescan then be hedged in the forward market if desired.The advantages of netting are A reduction in foreign exchange conversion fees and funds transfer fees as commissions on foreign exchange transactions and funds transfer are drastically reduced. A fast settlement of obligations reducing the groups overall exposure.REINVOICING. Reinvoicing goes one step beyond the centralized approach of multilateral netting by way of a clearing centre. A reinvoicing centre buys goods from the manufacturing subsidiary or parent, without taking possession, and reinvoices other company affiliates or third parties when it sells the goods. By conducting all transactions in the affiliates functional currenc y, the reinvoicing centre bears all currency risks. This prevents the FC exposures from distorting the subsidiarys operating profit (loss). In addition, the reinvoicing centre allows for centralized cash flow management, increase international business expertise and opportunities for arbitrage. The centre also improves and centralizes banking relationships and acts as a central purchasing agent for subsidiaries.Most important, the reinvoicing centre can assess its net position on all inter company transactions and hedge in the forward market accordingly. Problems with reinvoicing centres are* Some countries prohibit reinvoicing centres, as well(p) as any third-party billing (for example, France, Spain,).* They are very expensive to set up because sophisticated information systems and legal and tax expertise are required. sustain TO BACK LOANSBack to back loans is when two firms arrange to borrow money in each others currency so as to avoid the risk associated with exchange rate flu ctuation. Toyota can enter into an agreement with an American company that has a subsidiary in Japan. Toyota can then lend yen to the Japanese subsidiary of the American company and the American company in turn lends Toyotas American subsidiary money in dollars. This will reduce the risk that Toyota will have had if it had lend the money to its American subsidiary as the expected fall in the value of the dollar will have reduced the amount of yen to be received. The advantage with back to back loan is there will not be the need to change currencies as loans will have been contracted in the functional currency of the subsidiary and therefore there will be no risk. However it is very difficult to get a partner who will be prepared to enter into such an arrangement.NATURAL HEDGINGNatural hedging is to manage an anticipated exposure to a particular currency by acquiring a debt denominated in that currency. Thus if a firm has a long term inflow in one currency, the firm can acquire an ou tflow in the form of a loan in the same currency and use the inflow to service the debt. Since Toyotas main markets are the USA and Europe, it can take out loans in Euro or dollars and use the proceeds from its operations to pay for the loan. Toyota will then not have to bother about the exchange rate fluctuation, as it will be paying the loan from proceeds generated from local operations. Toyota is also asking its British suppliers to bill them in the Euro so as to reduce the risk. This is effective in eliminating currency exposed when the exposure cash flow is relatively constant and predictable over time (Eiteman et al 2001)FORWARD CONTRACTForward contract is an agreement to exchange currencies of different countries at a specific future date and at a specific forward rate (Eiteman et al 2001). If Toyota has receivables denominated in US dollars in the form of loans owed to the parent company, it can enter into a forward contract to hedge against the expected fall in the value of the dollar. When the value of the dollar depreciates, Toyota will therefore not be at risk. However, should the predictions not come true and the dollar rather appreciates, Toyota would have lost the opportunity of earning more on the spot market.REFERENCES1. BUCKLEY, A. (2000) multinational finance. 4th ed., Harlow Financial Times Prentice Hall.2 CLARK, E. LEVASSEUR, M. ROUSSEAU, P. (1993) international finance, London Chapman and Hall.3 PILBEAM, K. (1992) international finance, Basingstoke Macmillan Education.4 RUGMAN, A. M. (2000) international business a strategic management approach, 2nd ed., Harlow Financial Times/Prentice Hall.5. EITEMAN, D.K., STONEHILL, A.I., MOFFETT, M. H. (2001) Multinational business finance, 9th ed.,6.ROSS, S.A., WESTERFIELD, R., JAFFE, J. (1999) corporate finance, 5th ed., London McGraw Hill.6. (http//www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2002/02/pdf/appendix.pdf accessed on 14th November 2002),7. (http//www.toyota.co.jp/en/ir.html accessed on 14th Nove mber 2002)8. (http//pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/xr/data.html accessed on 14th November2002)9. (http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/873840.stm accessed on 16th November 2002)

Ideal Home Description Essay

The first steps onto the property lead to a lavish driveway. on that point is a huge automated gate in drive for privacy. Running parallel to the cream polished concrete driveway are trees on both sides. The blown-up booming trees shade the driveway when it is sunny out. Down the driveway put sullen to the side is a massive garage. The garage, like the home, is built with brick. Set off to the proficient, the garage can hold up to five cars. The doorways of the garage are a maroon color that spanes the window sills of the home. Moving back to the left, walking upon the home, in that respect is a wide porch.It takes five steps to get to the fade, and to see two pillars s burnding guard by the door. The pillars stand short and stocky, one-sided like off-white pearls. Pushing through the heavy red door with an odd shaped black iron door handle leads to the spacious foyer. Beside the left of the door inner the directiony foyer rests a hefty table to be used for mail and ot her(a) things from the outside world that do not require straightaway attention. To the right there are hooks to hang coats and keys. Also below the hooks is a rack for shoes that sits on a polished timber theme.Moving along through the foyer there is a large expansive staircase. The staircase slightly curves and leads into a hallway of rooms. There are triplet rooms on each side of the stairs. The first door on the right side of the stairs is brown. The room is painted a very glary green color with auburn carpet. Inside the room there are many a(prenominal) toys. There are toys of all kinds there are stuffed animals, dolls, cards, board games, and more. The door across from the toy room is a little brighter then the others. Walking in this door, there appears to be not much in it.The groynes are the color of a soft blue sky with clouds and a nice light brown bamboo floor. It has large expanding windows for the sunlight to easily come in. There are many chairs to lounge in an d a few spa chairs in the back corner. There is a closet on the right of the room that is modify with pass overs, lotions, creams, and etcetera Leaving this room, there is one door left at the end of this side. Here is the largest room to explore yet. The walls are a calm and mature quiet red like the color of blood. The floors are a dark polished bamboo. There are bright white carvings into the wall that make bookcases.Each wall is lined with them and is stocked with books. In the very back of the room there is a fireplace with a shaggy green rug in take care of it. Two narrow long windows stand at the side of the fireplace. There are two brown armchairs spilt by a love couch in the middle of the same color. In the middle of the room, there are also a few low level bookcases filled with books. Leaving this room and entry the first room on the left side of the stairs, there is a full bathroom. The walls are a brilliant blue color with eggshell colored tiles. There is a closet to the left full with toiletries.The his and her sink is an intense red along with the toilet. The shower, which is also a tub, has a clean steel door. The towel rack on the door holds blue towels that match the blue rug placed in count of the shower. Right between the door and the sink, a twist light brown hamper is placed to throw dirty clothes in. Out of the bathroom and moving along to the room across the hall is a door full of pictures. Inside the room there are vivid golden walls and bamboo level. Covering most of the floor is a gigantic purple rug. There is a desk in the top left corner of the room encased with papers and projects.A computer and mouse struggle to stay on top of all the work. Arranged in the right corner is a faerie sized bed with a huge mahogany chest in front of it. The ceiling has a glow-in-the-dark universe full with stars and planets. There is one large dresser by the door stuffed with clothes. The closet on the other side is filled with shoes, coats , and dresses. The last room to explore upstairs is also quite massive, but not as giant as the room full of books. It has a queen sized bed in the middle where the floor is elevated. On one side there are two medium sized dressers lining the untrusty orange wall.On the other is an entertainment system full of the latest gadgets and a flat screen TV. There is a closet spewing clothes and shoes. The floor is tan colored carpet. Going back down the stairs and through the foyer is the kitchen. The kitchen has a large stainless steel refrigerator full of the healthiest and most of the most unhealthiest foods. Next to the refrigerator is a gas oven. There is an island in the middle with three bar stools. In the island there is also a stainless steel sink and cabinets underneath. The cabinets around the kitchen are mahogany colored to set off the pale white walls.They are filled with pots, pans, spices, and food. Also in the kitchen to match most of the house are more bamboo flooring. T hrough the kitchen to the right is the dining room. A sturdy dinning room table stands center with many chairs encasing it. The room has tan walls and polished dark flooring. There is an abstract arrangement of light fixtures hanging above the table for decoration. There is another bathroom behind the dining room that resembles the previous one mentioned. Back through the kitchen and to the left is the largest room in the house. It is the living room.Full of everything that is in a living room like a fireplace, TV, entertainment system with a stereo, and etc. The walls are a calm green color, and the floors are bamboo. Through the living room going back to the front of the house, there is the master bedroom. It contains a king-sized bed for everyone to crawl into. There are two large dressers, a walk-in closet inside a walk-in closet, and a bathroom that replicates the upstairs bathroom but twice the size. The main difference is the whirl jackpot hot tub in the far back. The other w ay through the living room, heading to the back of the house, leads to a patio.The patio holds sitting chairs and is a place to relax. It has a great view of the swimming pool and the enormous backyard. The yard contains a mini play-set with swings, a slide, and a jungle gym. A tree house was built in the far perimeter of the own land property. There is a bevy of grass area for kids and pets to run around on. Also the tennis and basketball courts are on the far right side of the lawn. Next to the patio there is a spiral staircase that leads to the basement. The basement is a storage area filled with cold concrete flooring and unpainted drywall. It has one small room for guest with well(p) a bed and a small dresser.Next to it is a small bathroom with just a standing shower, a toilet, and a sink which are all pearly white. Going back up the spiral staircase directs to the rear of the home. It illustrates the expansive lifestyle of the owners. Having six rooms upstairs used for multip le purposes, only two being bedrooms, and one a bathroom is a great deal. along with the large living room, master bedroom, kitchen, and dining room, there are oodles of chores to be kept. Keeping maintenance in the abundant amount of rooms is severe work. Not to mention the total outside area that also needs to be well kept. This is an ideal home for families.

Human Activities Harming the Earth Essay

I. IntroductionThesis statement There atomic number 18 many actions being implemented by humans that price the earth and its climate, some of which ar deforestation, the use of CFCs and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions.II. BodyA. Deforestation and the increase of temperature.1. Effect of plantation on the earth2. What happens to the atmosphere3. What happens to the temperatureB. babys room Gases cause global warming1. Radiation absorbed by the earth2. Greenhouse gases link with the radiation3. Global warming and greenhouse gasesC. Gases that deplete the ozone1. What they are and their usage2. CFCs and the ozone3. Ozone depletion and UV raysIII. ConclusionA. Human activities that contribute to harming the earth such as deforestation, and use of harmful chemicals should be stopped.Human Activities Harming the flat coatOne of the near dangerous environmental hazards is global warming it is causing a dramatic increase in the temperature around the globe. Some people move intot think that global warming is actually happening and assume that the sun, glaciers and oceans are the only factors that are responsible for regulating the earths temperature and that computer models are not reliable since they are guessing the temperature change that would occur later on and that is true. There are many actions being implemented by humans thatharm the earth and its climate, some of which are deforestation, the use of CFCs and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. First, deforestation is the remotion of trees and plants for building and creating space for development, an ignorant person would think that this is a normal thing while on the other hand removing trees will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the earths atmosphere because their removal would mean that there are less plants to photosynthesize.This process is like the breathing process of humans but it takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen anyone should at least(prenominal) know that this is a good thing because carbon dioxide is a harmful gas that also traps heat causing the earths temperature to increase because naught is making a good use out of it. This is the cycle of how deforestation increases the temperature of the earth, Plants are removed, consequently Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase and causes the temperature in that realm and anywhere the carbon dioxide goes to to increase. In addition to deforestation, the use of CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) is also highly dangerous since they contribute to an increase of cancer casualties. CFCs are most commonly used in fire extinguishers, air conditioners and refrigerators.As El-Hinnawi explains in the book Global Environmental Issues, When these gases are used, they rise to the atmosphere because they are visible radiation than air and are later on are converted by UV radiation to ozone-destroying catalyst to add on to this issue these gases are extremely stable. (1982, P. 61-63). These gases have been banned of use except in cases of emergencies but they still exist and are being used and they cause the ozone in the earth to deplete. This is caused when CFCs are used these gases are lighter than air so they travel up the earth reaching the atmosphere that consists of ozone making a chemical reaction that changes ozone to oxygen. The ozone is responsible for blocking UV radiation from entering the atmosphere, but now since we have a hole in the ozone more UV radiation enters the earth this federal agency we are more vulnerable to radiation that is cancer causing. Finally, the emissions of greenhouse gases.These gases are responsible for keeping the earths temperature warm and life supporting by trapping heat, but what happens when these gases are being emitted by factories and daily human activities such as transportation, electricity and agriculture the amount of these gases in the atmosphere is increase and the issue is that these gases trap in heatradiated by the earth that s hould instead be reflected out causing the temperature to increase then as a answer more water vapor that is also a heat trapping gas thus causing a change in rainfall patterns, ocean level, temperature and ecological balance. These activities include burning fossil fuels, industrial emissions or industrial processes. This means the more the greenhouse gas emissions the more the temperature would rise.To sum up, the fact that the satellite earth is being harmed has to be accepted. Some of the many harmful activities that include but are not limited to deforestation, the use of CFCs and emissions of greenhouse gases. Many solutions have been given by environmentalists to stop this mayhem and damage some of these are for deforestation is banning the cutting down of trees in detail places, encouraging agriculture and reforestation. For chlorofluorocarbons it is really unfortunate that there is no way for them to be removed except when they degrade after a 100 geezerhood or so, a de cision to ban them has been taken prior to that (Montral protocol). Also, for greenhouse gas emissions many solutions are being worked on such as cars that run using electricity and using nuclear power, hydroelectric power and solar power to provide electricity. Human activities nowadays are definitely hurt the earths environment and these rules and restrictions have to be implemented.ReferencesHow we know global warming is real. (2008). Skeptic, 31-37 ,80. Aggarwal, A., & kumari. (2013). Depletion of the Ozone Layer and Its Consequences A Review. American Journal of Plant Sciences. Archer, D., & Rahmstorf, S. (2010). The Climate Crisis. modernistic York, NY Cambridge University Press. El-Hinnawi, E., & Hashmi, M.-U.-H. (1982). Global environmental issues. Dublin, Ireland United Nations Environment Programme. Siddens, S. (2001, July). Rescuing the ozone. Specifying Engineer, 30(1).

The benefits of immigration

Diseases like tuberculosis, malaria, leprosy and others that commitnt been present for a long time, but that doesnt mean that are extinct or completed eradicated. Page 5 United States is facing one of the biggest problems in history, and it is terrorism. After the incident of September 1 1, 2001 the nation is fearful in some way of immigrants, because as the article said, three of the four pilots were in the country immorally. I understand the magnitude of that howevert, but not every abominable resident is a terrorist.Another point is that in the last years more of the terrorist that have been rrested are legal residents and have been natural in the United States. So, they have to understand that they have the thread inside the country and try to manage the situation and stopped accusing the illegal immigrants of been the cause of terrorisms. They also forget that many legal immigrants are part of the Armed Forces and they are willing to serve and protect the country, even it means losing their life in combat. What really happen is that to the highest degree of the people thought that terrorism is equal to illegal residents, and that isnt true.The person who least you expect could e a terrorist and it doesnt mean he or she is an illegal immigrant. concord with the article we simply cannot round up and ship some 12+ million illegal aliens back to their home countries. Even if we could, children of illegal aliens who are born in the United States are, by commonly held interpretation of current law, American citizens. It also said it would not be Just to punish the children for the sins of the parents so even children who were not born in the United States but have lived in the US most of their lives are, by default, Americans, at least in name.I am totally agree with the two statements and think that it is a way to show a little respect to those who are illegally in the country. It is true that illegal immigration does have its disadvantages greater p overty, increase in crimes, lower unskilled wage education costs, and a few others. However, the positive benefits Page 6 of immigration outweigh the disadvantages in many ways. So, let us welcome the benefits that immigration provides to the nation. Let be open mind and accept the fact that United States is a big melting pot and each one has something to give to the nation.

Human Resource Management and Personnel Management Essay

Introduction1. This report discusses the historical development of Human Resource Management (HRM), identifies the role and purposes of HRM, and also to distinguish between military group management and HRM.The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) defines personnel management as the part of management concerned with people at work and with their relationships inside an enterprise. It aims to bring together, and develop into an effective memorial tablet, the people within an business, having regard for the offbeat of the individual and of working groups, to enable them to crystallize their best contribution to its success.HRM may be defined as a strategic and coherent approach to the management of an organisations most valued assets the people working there who distributively and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives for sustainable competitive advantage.The Nature and Development of Personnel management2. HRM obtained acknow guidegment in the late 1970s in the USA, as a label for the way companies such as IBM were managing their people. These companies applied the principles outlined by David Guest (1989) to gain a competitive edge ever soyplace their competitors. These four principles be listed below.a) Strategic integration -the ability of organisations to integrate HRM issues into their strategic plans, to ensure that the various aspects of HRM cohere and for line jitneys to incorporate a HRM perspective into their last making.b) High commitment people must be managed in a way that ensures both their genuine behavioural commitment to pursuing the goals of the organisation and their attitudinal commitment, reflected in strong identification with the organisation.c) Flexibility HRM policies must be structured to allow maximum flexibility for the organisation, so it can respond to ever changing business needs for example, by encouraging functional versatility in employees and by creating an adaptable organi sational structure with the capacity to manage innovation.d) High reference The notion of quality must run by everything the organisation does, including the management of employees and investment in high-quality employees, which in turn will bear directly on the quality of the goods and dishs provided.Personnel management can be traced back to second half of the nineteenth century when Victorian workers were hit hard by the industrialisation, and urbanisation of Britain. Companies such as Cadbury and Rowntree, initiated programmes for their employees managed on their behalf by industrial welfare workers, the philosophy behind these people was that in the welfare tradition, the work and responsibilities of the personnel policeman was directed to the employees, rather than to the strategic concerns of the organisation and its management. The programmes included facilities such as company housing, wellness care, education for workers families and so on.The motive for these measu res included, that they reflected a wider sociable reform, led by political and religious groups. In the USA groups like Quakers were abolishing slavery, and striving to increase business performance by the moral and social enhancement of their employees. Moreover, as more motivation to convert to these programmes, improved health and education for the workers and their families meant that these employers would have a better reputation with employees and consumers, employees would be more committed and motivated, also there would always be great demand for a job within the company. This can be linked to Maslows theory on the hierarchy of needs, in which he states that workers are motivated by five different needs.Physiological- pay, holidays (lower order need)Safety Health and safety measures, pensions (lower order need)Social formal and informal groups, social events (lower order need)Self-esteem power, promotion (higher order need)Self-actualisation challenging work, developi ng new skills (higher order need)These programmes and jobs would provide something for each of the lower order needs, therefore increasing motivation throughout the workforce.Furthermore, consumers would feel morally better as they were buying products that were helping the working classes. This could be considered very similar to the ideas linked with the publicity of fair trade products in modern day society. The demise of the working class was outlined at this time when the British government had problems recruiting troops for the Crimean and Boer wars, as umteen people failed the medical, and the health of the nations wearers was brought into the limelight.The need for negotiation, conflict resolution and the management of relationships between labour and management occurred in 1871 with the legislation of trade unions. This was recognised politically, with formation of the aptly named Labour design Committee in 1900, which was renamed in 1906 as the Labour party, which was largely funded by the trade union development. In 1911, the National Insurance Scheme bring aboutd the first welfare provisions for workers in the result of illness, or unemployment. The establishment of the Ministry of Labour to address wider issues and representations quickly followed this in 1916.In the 1930s and 40s management theorists changed attributes of their theories, as scientific management which was in current use came under scrutiny for dehumanising employees. This is when the HRM approach began to appear, being backed by Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor who shifted their attention to the higher order needs, as shown above on Maslows hierarchy of needs. The new key to motivation of the workforce involved job satisfaction, which it was then believed, could not be achieved estimable from maintenance factors like pay and working conditions.The governments influence on industrial relations, and the workforces continued until the mid 1970s in conjunction with social reforms in health and education. After this time the UK government did not interfere in collaborated relationships between the employer and employee, with the exception of trade union reform. In spite of that the latter half of the ordinal century saw extreme legislation in all sectors of employment. It was during this era that the industrial relations tradition suggests that the work and the responsibility of the personnel officer was to meddle and even arbitrate between the sides in industrial disputes, to facilitate collective bargaining, negotiation and compliance with the current industrial relations laws.As a retort to the escalating speed of organisational expansion and alterations, the image of labour tradition suggests that the work and responsibility of the personnel officer is to support management by regulating the range of workplace activity. This includes job allocation, performance, absenteeism, pay, communication, training, and so on.The CIPD have endeavoured to establ ish personnel management as a career, by providing a programme of learning resulting in a qualification. However, many personnel managers do not posses this qualification and this is rarely seen as an obstruction within the career. It is safe to say that all personnel managers will use remnants of the welfare, industrial, and the control of labour traditions to become part of the professional tradition that is occurring today.The Role and Tasks of the Personnel Function3. Personnel specialists can take various roles like line mangers, advisors, service providers, auditors, Co-ordinators and planners and in todays modern world of rapidly developing technology, ethics, and growing organisations in any business there is need for specialist advice on personnel matters, whether it is internal or external. This is because the practise of personnel management needs to be consistent, impartial, proficient and on course with organisational goals, as there are perpetual developments in this field that require expertise in the area of personnel management.The need for this specialist has several contributing factors including the need to comply with changing ruler and legislation, for example the personnel specialist may be used to recruit staff to avoid sex or racial discrimination. Constant changes within the labour market have also meant that policies need to be designed by someone with current knowledge on the matter. Moreover, trade unions, industrial tribunals, and the Advisory, Conciliation and arbitration Service (ACAS) have a continuous role in employee relations therefore having some one who is familiar with the legislation amongst other things that is used would be very useful.However, since there the existing role of the personnel manager is so diverse there are different poseurs derived by different theorists. A popular model is that suggested by Tyson and Fell (1986). The three roles that they suggest are* The clerk of works model all authority for act ions is with line managers. Personnel policies are organise after the actions that created the need. Policies are not integral and are short term and ad hoc. Personnel activities are routine and involve day-to-day administration.* The contracts manager model Policies are established, often implicit, with heavy industrial relations emphasis. The personnel department will use fairly sophisticated systems especially with regard to employee relations. The personnel manager is likely to be a professional or experienced in industrial relations. They should take on the role of policing the implementation of policies, but does not create them.* The architect model Explicit corporate personnel policies exist as part of the corporate strategy. HR planning and development are important concepts. The direct of the function is likely to be on the Board of Directors, and is therefore seen as a professional, making an important contribution to the business.Policies are often formed to care in the personnel function to make sure that people are treated equally, and that laws and regulations are met. These can include equal opportunities, disciplinary policies, and safety policies. The policies are based upon legislation put in place by the Government and the EU in certain areas like safety. The values and philosophies of the business about how the employees should be treated and what kind of behaviour will enable them to work most effectively on the organisations behalf. The needs and wants of employees, and the organisations need to attract and carry on the kind of employees it wants by its reputation of practice as an employer.The Shift in Approach Which Has Led to the Term HRM4. Throughout history the social change has been reflected in personnel management, and which also changes in conjunction with the social needs. This is shown by the implementation of legislation and rules, to stop discrimination and aid safety measures, as the social clime becomes more morally aware of the workforce. In the late nineteenth century it would not have been unheard of for people to die at work, even into the twentieth century there were still accident that occur to labourers working in primary industries, but this became more shocking, as with the development of technology it was publicised by the media and made safer by improvements, as a company realised that its image was very important.A political and economic change is also evident through out history, for example in the 1970s when the government would no longer interfere with some matters between employer and employee relations, this is because it was realised that full employment was not as important as controlling inflation and other economic factors.Also HRM has become common through out the business world and is thoroughly corporate into the organisational structure of a business. This is because it has been found that companies use this approach in different strengths to achieve a competitive edg e over their rivals. Today companies like label & Spencer, McDonalds, and even public sector businesses like British Gas are using various strengths of HRM.Recommendations5. To draw conclusion, it is my recommendation that Phoenix Tannoy Ltd. consider establishing a HR department as it is shown in history that the use of HRM does give a competitive edge over rivals, by motivating employees. The reality is that by locomote to a HR department Phoenix Tannoy will motivate its workforce by implementing policies and procedures that benefit all the staff. Motivated staff are then more committed to the organisation, and motivated into doing the best they can to help the business achieve its goals. Moreover, a HR department would remove the depersonalised face of the personnel department and make the company less bureaucratic.

Who Killed President John F. Kennedy

Despite the plethora of conspiracies surrounding the death of chairperson Kennedy there is overwhelm evidence supporting the theory that a single gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald, killed President Kennedy. History tends to repeat its self-importance time and time again. In this scenario it is the assassination of a President first President Lincoln then Garfield, McKinley, and lastly the most controversial of them all, President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. The details surrounding his death keep back been examine and questioned for decades and will be for decades much to come.One of the most controversial details in the J. F. K assassination was how umpteen men gunned down the President on one of the most historical days in this sylvans history. Despite all of the controversy surrounding the death of the President, the clearest and most rational answer for who chance event and killed the President is Lee Harvey Oswald. On the later onnoon of November 22, 1963 fear struck the Nation wh en President Kennedy was shot and killed duration riding in his motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas.Allegedly the shots that were fired came from the sixth floor of the Texas naturalise Book Depository and were shot by the infamous Lee Harvey Oswald. The first shot hit Kennedy in the back, and went through his throat. The same bullet then hit Governor Connelly in the back after burst a rib and, hit him in the wrist and then in his thigh. The second shot was the lethal shot to the right side of Kennedys head which then went on to injure a bystander. at long last the third and final shot hit the curb as the Presidents limousine raced glum to get away from the danger.During Oswalds failed attempt to flea from authorities officer J. D. Tippit was shot to death shortly after the President was killed Oswald denied both killings. Two days after the death of the President as millions of Americans watched Jack blood-red, a Dallas nightclub owner, pushed his way through police officers and shot the alleged assassin. Ruby was convicted for the murder of Oswald. Yet three years later the conviction was over-ruled due in fact that the judge allowed in illegal testimony. Ruby died of cancer before the second trial could be held.Why was Kennedy assassinated, and by who? Neither of those questions will ever be answered yet Kennedy was greatly disliked in the Soviet Union during the Cold War and in Cuba greatly for the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 8, 1962-roughly a year before the Presidents tragic death. Either country could own chartered Oswald to assassinate the President but likely if this was the case the Soviet Union would be more likely to substantiate had a division in Kennedys assassination due in part to the fact that Oswald left the U. S. to gain citizenship with the Soviet Union but was turned down.On the other hand Cuba could have hired the lone assassin to assassinate the President over the Cuban missile crisis, when President Kennedy had Cuba despoil the missile system that the Soviet Union had placed there which was in fact pointed at the get together States as well as having two missiles in Turkey, Thor and Jupiter. One of the biggest reasons there are so numerous conspiracies out there is because of the second bullet that was fired at the President, which was called the magic bullet it was said to have done numerous things.It apparently went through Kennedys upper back and out his neck, then took a sharp right turn to go through Connallys back shattered a rib and came out his chest. After that, the bullet went through Connallys wrist and then fell to lodge into Connallys right upper thigh. Yet according to the Warren Report that was written by the Warren thrill in September of 1964 the bullet never made any zigzag or funky turn. Connally was put in a booster seat in front of the President which is not level with the Presidents seat, it is three inches lower than Kennedys seat.Also the booster seat is si x inches farther towards the middle of the car. ultimately Governor Connally was not sitting straightforward in his seat. He is turned to his right, as seen in the Zapruder Film. and then the bullets path would make perfect sense a straight line through both men. In conclusion there is overwhelming evidence that Lee Harvey Oswald was the assassin that took the life of one of our countries most dusky leaders, President John F. Kennedy, and acted alone. The reasoning for Oswalds actions may never be uncovered was he hired to get a point across for payback, or did he act alone? The answers to these questions have been rinse away into the history textbooks of our children and their children to come. May no one ever truly know the meaning roll in the hay the assassination of President Kennedy or who really took the life of President, but as the most backed up and legitimate answer is Lee Harvey Oswald.

Harmony and Dream

David Brooks essays his role as the NY Times premiere conservative columnist in a very unique way he disregards conservatism. Now, regardless of where one and only(a)s opinions may abatement when it comes to political ideologies, neither a liberal, moderate, or conservative would recognize Brooks writings as existence conservative in any form. Actually, most of his writing is often self-centered and incoherent. This is most evident in the extremely obtuse article Harmony and the Dream which supposedly promotes the qualities of modern chinaware and urges the United States to conserve in its footsteps.The reason the word supposedly is used here is because Brooks writings display a complete lack of taking into custody of both modern China and its history. Actually, it also displays a fundamental mind of what makes Americas infrastructure work. Consider the following excerpt, If you ask a Chinese person to secern a fish tank, the Chinese leave usually describe the context in wh ich the fish swim. What character of silliness is this assessment? Ask a Chinese person? Does this mean every single person who lives in China will share the same opinion?Such an assessment infers that China consists of a homogenous entity of like minded people. This is an absurd notion and indicative of a fundamental lack of understanding of Chinese history and culture. The notion of collective thought may be line of the die hardrs of the Chinese communisticic Party, but it is not the philosophy that the totality of Chinas population prescribes. Also, Brooks infers that the collectivism of communist China nearlyhow has a noble trait to it. It would seem Brooks points out that collectivism leads to some eternal group salvation.He even faults the common American tradition of liberty. This is evidenced in his statement The individualist countries tend to put rights and privacy first. People in these societies tend to overvalue their ingest skills and overestimate their own impo rtance to any group effort. Such a statement ignores the fact that Chinese communist rule is little more than totalitarianism by committee. Really, China embodies many of the qualities of a police state. Even by collectivist standards, China is extreme.In fact, if you were to examine other nations that promote strong centralized government control you will not see the repression found in China. Venezuela, for example, prescribes to Marxist ideologies but it does not use the state to keep going murdering prisoners to sell their organs on the world market. Chinas government has engaged in this display case of activity and other insane human rights violations for years. To hint that the United States (or any nation) should look to China as an example of how to model their society is absurd.Yes, China possesses an exploding economy many nation envy. But, how did China arrive at such an expanded economy? Largely though paying laborers extremely low wages with no worker protections. This is certainly not the type of society to emulate even though Brooks suggests as much. The main problem with Brooks is assertion is that he does not examine the flaws present in Chinas infrastructure. For example, he praises Chinas economy but fails to mention the extreme pollution caused by Chinas industry.The pollution poured in the air by many factories is so voluminous that it sure enough will have a serious, negative effect on the populations health. This brings about an weighty question what is the value of a booming economy if it ultimately reduces the quality of peoples lives. This is one of the many questions Brooks does not address. This (among other reasons) is why Harmony and the Dream remains an incredibly damage article. Bibliography Brooks, D. (2008, August 11) Harmony and the Dream. NY TIMES. 11 August 2008. Retrieved September 23, 2008 from http//www. nytimes. com/2008/08/12/opinion/ 12brooks. html